Since its inception over three decades ago, quantum computing has been anticipated to bring about market-defining and life-changing capabilities. It holds the potential to revolutionize areas such as financial portfolio optimization, electric vehicle (EV) battery production enhancement, drug discovery advancements, and semiconductor manufacturing improvements. Quantum computers are able to execute complex calculations faster than both traditional and supercomputers.
With the recent surge in artificial intelligence (AI), quantum computing is expected to grow increasingly important in the near future. Quantum computers are set to enhance AI algorithms, commonly referred to as quantum AI or QAI. These models powered by quantum technology will be quicker and more precise due to their ability for parallel processing that addresses complex problems while managing large datasets simultaneously. Additionally, this advancement implies that quantum computing can provide energy-efficient AI solutions. Also, along with hybrid architecture, neural network-enabled data modeling, and enhanced security measures for both AI systems and data management.
While there is significant optimism about quantum computing, this emerging technology also has its drawbacks. Cybercriminals are increasingly employing quantum computing methods to target businesses and decipher encryptions. Experts anticipate that within the next five to ten years, quantum computers will have the capability to breach most of today’s cryptographic algorithms.
This situation presents corporate leaders and cybersecurity experts with a single option: to prepare for the future of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) before it’s too late.
Current State of Post-Quantum Cryptography
For several decades, encryption has been a contentious cybersecurity tool in the United States. Thanks to experts like Phil Zimmerman, who spurred public-private discussions during the Crypto Wars, we avoided living in a world that is more vulnerable due to widespread bans on encryption.
After years of debate and an increasing number of alarming cyberattacks, cryptography has finally gained widespread acceptance as a security measure endorsed by the U.S. government. Encryption now safeguards everything from emails to cryptocurrencies and private wireless networks. Among various cryptographic uses, post-quantum cryptography stands out as the premier standard.
In 2022, Congress enacted the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act. To guarantee that all federal entities develop quantum-resistant strategies and technologies for the future. Additionally, the National Security Agency (NSA), Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) collaborated last year to create an information sheet titled “Quantum Readiness: Migration to Post-Quantum Cryptography.” This document provides guidance on adapting cybersecurity measures in a post-quantum world for both U.S. defense agencies and private enterprises.
The recent increase in PQC legislation is primarily driven by the vulnerability of our current encryption methods, which are inadequate against quantum-enabled attacks. Although efforts to develop quantum-resistant algorithms are underway, they fall short of what is necessary. Organizations across various sectors—including government agencies; financial and insurance institutions; suppliers for aerospace and defense within the government sector; as well as companies handling essential infrastructure like telecommunications and utilities—are at risk from assaults facilitated by quantum technology. In essence, PQC concerns both national security and personal privacy.
Bolstering Unbreakable Security
Cyber leaders have consistently faced the challenge of preparing for unpredictability. However, now they are confronting something even more daunting: preparing for the unknown. With minimal understanding of quantum-enabled attacks and quantum-resistant encryption, cyber teams find themselves at a pivotal point in cybersecurity. How can leaders from various sectors enhance their defenses as we enter this new era of post-quantum cryptography (PQC)?
To begin, organizations should kick off preparations by conducting risk assessments and inventories to pinpoint any cryptographic gaps. Cyber teams need to evaluate where and how encryption is being utilized within the organization. Additionally, identifying the different types of encryption algorithms along with their current applications across the enterprise is crucial. This approach will ultimately enable companies to achieve crypto agility throughout their systems.
Leaders should facilitate a cultural and technological transformation. This involves training most cybersecurity professionals to recognize, mitigate, respond to, and even anticipate and prevent threats powered by quantum technologies. These efforts in upskilling and reskilling will generally need assistance from third-party cyber vendors who possess extensive expertise in quantum technologies.
To effectively protect data and secure AI models with post-quantum cryptographic protocols, algorithms, and systems, organizations need to overhaul their key management strategies, public key infrastructure deployments, and certificate life cycle management practices.
The surge in AI and the growing interest in quantum computing demand the implementation of quantum-resilient security measures. Recognizing this need, the US government has taken action, prompting enterprises to also confront these emerging challenges proactively.
